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Sept. 3, 1935. J DARBY Re. 19,686

PLANT AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING PAPER Original Filed Sept. 24, 1928 16 Sheets-Sheet 1 A TTORNE Y Sept. 3, 1935. J. K. DARBY Re. 19,686

PLANT AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING PAPER Original Filed Sept. 24, 1928 16 Sheets-Sheet 2 Sept. 3, 1935. J. K. DARBY PLANT AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING PAPER Original Filed Sept. 24, 1928 16 Sheets-Sheet 3 Sept. 3, 1935.

J. K. DARBY Re. 19,686

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J. K. DARBY Sept. 3, 1935.

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PLANT AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING PAPER Original Filed Sept. 24, 192B 16 Sheets-Sheet 13 E] ZS l l L A TTORNEY Sept. 3, 1935. .1. K. DARBY PLANT AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING PAPER 16 Sheets-Sheet 14 Original Filed Sept. 24, 1928 um R. H HIHW E 5 w Wm vm P 1935- J. K. DARBY Re. 19,686

PLANT AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING PAPER Original Filed Sefit. 24, 1928 16 Shaets-Sheet 1e fiz Z3 Reissued Sept. '3, 1935 PATENT- OFFICE PLANT AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING PAPER James K. Darby, Dayton, Ohio, assignor to Beloit Iron Works, Beloit, Wis a corporation of Wiscousin Original No. 1,939,337, dated December 12, 1933,

Serial No. 307,966, September 24, 1928. Application for reissue February 23, 1935, Serial No.

92 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in plants and apparatus for making paper.

An object attained by my invention consists in space saving features 01 the plant layout, the resulting lowering oi plant investment, reduced maintenance and general overhead, and savings in time and labor production costs.

A further object attained in the invention consists in an improved arrangement for servicing the apparatus, having particular reference to replacing the paper forming wire on the Fourdrinier machine, and space saving features of a filter system and stock circulating system.

An object attained in the invention consists in novel construction and arrangement of the apparatus as a whole which provides for producing a substantially wider sheet of paper at relatively higher speed of operation, with resulting increased output and at lower cost.

The apparatus as a whole is arranged for reducing the human factor in its operation, the conditions of operation requiring supervision being reduced in the process of manufacturing to the minimum.

More specific features of the improved apparatus consist in:

Lowering the couch assembly of the Fourdrini'er machine and the general-structure of the apparatus as a whole;

Supporting the couch roll assembly of the machine on inclined ways shortening the distance between the couch roll and the breast roll of the Fourdrinier machine to give slack to the paper forming wire for replacing the same;

Constructing a side alcove adjacent the Fourdrinier machine for replacing the wire, and for effecting a substantial reduction in space for housing and operating the apparatus, the improved arrangement resulting in reducing the front side aisle to a mere fraction of the width of the machine;

Arranging the alcove on the rear side of the machine and the means coordinated with the alcove for replacing the forming wire, so that twin units of the Fourdrinier machine can be installed and coordinated in operation for effecting further substantial saving of space in the plant layout;

Means for supporting the full width of the Fourdrinier wire incidental to placing it on the machine;

Means for replacing the Fourdrinier wire without telescoping any part of the machine structure or displacing any longitudinally extended parts within the wire loop;

An improved arrangement of the smooth rolls and felt of the wet press for maintaining normal relation of the felt to the paper;

Means for supporting the paper web from edge to edge for threading the same on the dryers;

Means for threading the paper from the dryers 5 to the calendars at the normal speed of the paper;

Means associated with the calendars for giving light weight, low grade paper, a relatively high finish at lower cost; a a

Means for giving a relatively high finish to high 10 grade paper without reducing the thickness of the P p A super-pressure hydraulic stock circulating system including a stock tank supported independently of the F'ourdrinler machine, and a 5 sealed nozzle for delivering the stock to the paper forming wire;

A series of auxiliary lifts for supporting and protecting the paper forming wire across its entire width as the wire is moved transversely to 24 the machine, or the machine is moved to the wire;

Means for providing a relatively greater amount of slack in the forming wire for replacing the same without telescoping any portions of the 25 Fourdrinier machine;

General arrangement of the Fourdrinier machine for minimizing the structural parts requiring removal for replacing the forming wire;

Construction and general arrangement of the Fourdrinier machine as a whole to obtain the advantages of the telescopic type of paper making machine for replacing the forming wire, without employing the telescopic principle of construction;

Means for supporting the breast end of the Fourdrinier machine at variable elevations for inclining the forming wire according to the character of the paper stock and the conditions of operation;

And general arrangement of the several sections of the paper making apparatus, Fourdrinier machine, wet presses, dryers, calendars, and reels at different floor elevations for utilizing in relatively higher degree the gravity movement of the paper through the successive stages of formation.

Figure 1 is a view in side elevation of the plant layout, with the outside wall of the plant removed;

Figure 2 is a sectional view on line Fig. 3;

Figure 3 is a plan view on line 33 of Fig. 2 showing an arrangement for two paper making apparatus in a space saving layout;

Figures 4-4C inclusive are detail views in side elevation of the paper making apparatus;

Figure 4 being the breast end of the Fourdrinier machine;

Figure 4--A the couch end of the Fourdrinier machine including the first press section;

Figure 4B the second press section including the first dryer section;

Figure 4-0 the second dryer section including the calendars and reels, the division lines between the different figures being indicated respectively at (1-0:, b-b and c--c;

Figures 5-5A are views in side elevation of the Fourdrinier machine showing the breast end of the machine in position for level forming table, and including the super-pressure, sealed nozzle and stock circulating tank, the line of division between the figures being indicated at H,

Figure 6 is a view in elevation of the breast end of the Fourdrinier machine as shown in Fig. 5, part of the structure being shown in section;

Figure 7 is a detail view of the breast roll assembly including the shake stand partly in section;

Figure 8 is a view in cross-section of the filter system;

Figure 9 is a view in longitudinal section of the suction couch roll assembly in one form;

Figure 10 is an end view of the couch roll assembly supported upon auxiliary lifts for replacing the paper forming wire transversely;

Figure 11 is an end view of the couch roll assembly supported for moving the Fourdrinier machine laterally to either side for replacing the forming wire:

Figures 12-1211 are views in side elevation of the couch roll assembly and breast end assembly, showing hoists for raising the structure for replacing the forming wire, the division between the figures being indicated by lines e--e;

Figures 13-13A are views in side elevation of a couch roll assembly of modified construction, and the breast end of the machine showing ar rangement of the wire stringing means, the division between the figures being indicated by lines ff.'

Figures 1444A are views of the couch and breast ends of the machine showing the machine cleared and the wire stringing means in relative position for replacing the wire, the division between the figures being indicated by lines ga;

Figure 15 is a view in elevation of the wire stringing means at the couch end of the machine;

Figures 16-19 inclusive are detail views of the auxiliary lifts used in replacing the forming wire:

Figure 20 is a detail view of the wire stringing means;

Figure 21 is a sectional view of the superpressure nozzle for delivering the paper stock to the forming wire;

Figure 22 is a longitudinal sectional view of the nozzle shown in Fig. 21;

Figure 23 is a view in front elevation of the nozzle showing the arrangement of the slices for sealing the nozzle:

Figure 24 is a detail view of a blade and operating mechanism for skinning broke stock on the top press roll; t

Figure 25 is a detail plan view of the carriers for threading the paper on the dryers;

Figure 26 is a detail view of the calendar friction roll drive;

Figures 27-28 are detail views of the blocks for supporting the breast end or the Fourdrinier machine at variable elevations;

Figure 29 is a detail view of the broke beater.

The making of paper being a continuous process, a paper mill operating as a rule twenty-four hours a day, conditions that prolong interruptions of operation, such as present methods of replacing the Fourdrinier wire, which require dismantling and again erecting of much of the machine structure with greater risk involved of sustaining injury to the wire; methods of threading the wet web of the forming wire as it leaves the Fourdrinier machine and presses, on the dryers, resulting frequently in the web breaking at intermediate points on the dryers, with excessive accumulation of waste paper and prolongation of the time the apparatus is out of production, and conditions whatsoever that interfere with normal operation or reduce the production time of the apparatus, are of primary importance from the viewpoint oi output and production costs in making paper.

Also, the present requirements in the plant layout for operating and servicing the paper making apparatus adds heavily to the plant investment, and there is increasing demand in the industry for eifecting economies both in the plant layout and in operating costs.

In the present practice of Fourdrinier construction, having particular reference to the telescopic type of machines, it is necessary to provide front side aisle space equal in width to at least the width of the machine for replacing the paper forming wire and for handling breaks of the paper on the dryers. This aisle space may be anywhere from 10 ft. to 40 ft., according to the range in width of Fourdrinier machines.

The greater portion of this front side aisle space for Fourdrinier machines is waste space. except as to the requirement for clearance-along the front side of the machine for removing and replacing the wire and for handling breaks in the paper. As the paper making apparatus, Fourdrinier, presses, dryers, calendars, etc., are in a straight line arrangement, the front aisle extends the full length of the apparatus, across or through, as the case may be, of the plant structure. Thousands of feet of floor and head space must thus be provided in the plant layout at heavy increase of plant investment, space that must be heated in season, that adds substantially to the general overhead of plant upkeep, and that is idle space except for the requirements for replacing the forming wire and for handling breaks in the paper.

An object of first importance attained in my invention is the saving of a large portion of the front side aisle space of the paper making apparatus. This is accomplished in part by constructing one or more alcoves, preferably a wing, or wings. of themain plant structure, on the rear side of Fourdrlnier machines, to provide the required clearance along the side of the machine for replacing the wire. The length and breadth of the alcoves are substantially equal to the length and breadth of the Fourdrinier machines, the alcoves having, if desired, a relatively low roof line for minimizing head space. By this arrangement the width of the front side aisle can be reduced to a mere traction of the width of the machine with the resulting saving in floor and head space in the main plant layout.

The arrangement of the alcoves along the rear sides of Fourdrinler machines involves novel structural features and improvements of the per making apparatus and its arrangement as a whole as set forth in the following detailed specification.

In the plant layout, as here shown for illustrating the space saving principle of my invention. i represents the main floor elevation. Below the main iloor level are pits 2 in which portions of the apparatus are located, the floor elevation on the rear side of, the apparatus, opposite the suction couch and wet presses of the Fourdrinier machine being indicated at 3, and the floor elevation of the breast end and midseotion Fourdrinier machine at 5.

The alcoves 4 in the plant layout illustrated in Figs. 1-3, are located on the rear sides of the Fourdrinier machines in opposite wings of the plant, the arrangement as here shown being for two paper making apparatus installed and operated in coordinated relation. The alcove floors 5 are supported on foundations 8.

The saveall below the suction couch is indicated at B, and the saveall below the forming table at 1, (see also Figs. 4-A and 8) all the filter water being delivered into the latter. This arrangement eliminates the usual troughs in the rear of the machine and is an important factor in saving space.

Steps 9 are placed between floors l3 and steps HI between floors 3-5, on the rear side of the Fourdrinler machine. I

The front side aisle of the apparatus on the main floor I is indicated at H, the width of the aisle being here shown as substantially one-third of the width of the Fourdrinier machine.

The Fourdrinier machine is supported on foundations l2 extended longitudinally of the machine, as shown in the plan view of the sills in Fig. 3. The over-all width of the main machine room for both apparatus is indicated by the walls l3. The driving connections for the presses and couch rolls of the Fourdrinier machine are located on the rear sides of the machines (not shown) in the spaces indicated at II. A banlster rail I5 is placed, as here shown, between floors |--5 as a safeguard between the different elevations, the main aisle being extended below, as well as above, floor 5 from the banister rail forward to the breast end of the Fourdrinier machine as indicated in Figs. 1-2. This double floor level of the front side aisle, which serve: as a general thoroughfare through the plant, is a factor of safety which reduces the possibility of accidental damage to the Fourdrinier machine, having particular reference to the delicate paper forming wire, which may be injured by transporting material. etc., through the aisle.

The foregoing description of a representative plant layout here shown embodies the principle of space saving which constitutes one phase of my invention. It will be apparent from the different elevations of the paper making apparatus that the paper in the iorming process moves from a higher to a lower level, on the Fourdrinier machine, to the wet press, from the press to the dryers, from the dryers to the calendars, and from the calendars to the reels, the favorable conditions of gravity movement being thus utilized in relatively higher degree which enables speeding up the production apparatus and creates more favorable conditions for handling the prodnot.

It will be apparent from the plant layout, as here shown, that the savings in floor and head space is very substantial, the savings in floor and head space in the Fourdrinier machine room being from thirty percent upward over the present common practice, according to the size and single or plural installation of the paper making apparatus.

The factor of reduced heat radiation resulting from the reduction in head space requiring heating, is a further gain of material consequence in lowered operating costs. The alcoves, as contemplated in the practice of my invention, have a lower roof line, and are of relatively lighter and cheaper construction than the main plant. Accordingly, the alcove space, which in the present practice of plant layout is all in the front side aisle space, can be provided at relative y lower cost of plant investment.

The improved plant layout and the general arrangement of the paper making apparatus coordinated therewith also makes possible the use of wider apparatus, it being contemplated in the practice of the invention to produce paper in any desired width, the apparatus herein shown and described being a layout for producing paper four hundred inches wide, the apparatus being accordingly heavier and permitting of higher speed operation with resulting increase in the output.

In the drawings, the Fourdrinier machine is shown in side elevation in Figs. 4-4A and 5-5A. certain details of construction common in the art being shown more or less conventionally. It will be noted that the breast roll 15 of the machine, as best shown in Fig. 4, is supported at an elevation which causes the paper forming wire W to be inclined downward from the breast roll to the couch roll I20, in accordance with the Eibel system, for effecting gravity movement of the paper stock with the movement of the wire. This arrangement together with the elevation of the breast end of the Fourdrinier machine at a higher floor level than the couch end and the dryers provides for utilizing in relatively higher degree the gravity movement of the paper over the paper making apparatus, and makes possible operating at higher speed with resulting increase of the output.

The breast housing 25, as best shown in Figs. 4-5-6, has bolted to it the male members of ball and socket joints 26-21, the latter being ,.,parts of opposite hydraulic jacks 28 upon which the breast end'of the machine is normally supported at variable elevations. The mechanism for operating the jacks consists in a water supply pipe 29, pump 30 operated by a motor 3|, and connected to the Jacks by gears 32-33 and a shaft 34. Gears 35 on shaft 34 operate racks 36 which have secured to their upper ends the lower members of the joints 26-21.

The opposite sides of the breast housing are connected one with the other by a cross frame member 31, the opposite jacks being joined together and braced laterally by a frame member 38.

The jacks 28 serve for raising the breast end of the machine to any desired elevation, within the limits of practical operation, for determining the inclination of the paper forming wire, as may best suit the nature of the paper stock and the conditions of operation. It will be apparent that the ball and socket relation between parts 2621 will compensate for the angular movement of the breast end of the machine as it is elevated by means of the hydraulic jacks, thus relieving the structure of stresses which would otherwise occur. The lifting jacks as shown are set at a suitable angle to compensate for the changes in the weight center on the Jacks as the machine is raised.

Upon raising the breast end of the machine to the desired elevation, as illustrated in Fig. 4, the structure is supported on opposite sides upon splits blocks 39-40, the blocks being arranged in superposed relation for building up the support for the machine, the blocks supporting the opposite sides of the machine at level elevation to eilect accuracy of its operating alignment.

Connected to the opposite sides of the couch housing 45, at the opposite end of the machine, as shown in Figs. 4-A and 5--A, are vertical supports 46 secured by dowelings 41, and connected by compensating slotted joints G9 to opposite rails 50 extended from the breast end to the couch end of the machine, the rails being connected at the breast end at 5|. Removable blocks 52 at the breast end and 53 at the couch end support the parts of the machine within the wire loop.

The structural parts within and in the adjacent lateral planes of the wire loop, consist in opposite truss rails 55 which extend from the blocks 52 to blocks 53, yoke bearings 58 being secured to the opposite rails 55 and supported at 51 on the table housing 58 which in turn rests on blocks 53. The rails 55 are cross-braced, as best shown in Fig. 8, by rails 59, which project laterally outwardly of rails 55, the projecting ends being supported by brackets 83 for preventing torsional displacement of rails 55. The table rails 50 are bolted to the cross rails 59 and extend parallel withrails 55.

Provision is made on bracket 53, as indicated at 84, for supporting on the machine as here shown (see Fig. 8), the self-contained water system which is an important feature of the improved structure, being a development of the inventions set forth in my patents Reissue No. 16,218, issued December 1, 1925, and No. 1,679,854, issued August 7, 1928.

In the structure shown in my earlier patents, the filter water is retarded by flooding the savealls which discharge into a trough on the rear side of the machine, the savealls being supported upon the shake rails. In the arrangement of the self-contained water system herein set forth, neither the truss rails 55, table rails 80, nor the savealls are included in the shake structure, the bulk and weight of the operable structure being substantially reduced from the usual arrangement. The improved construction of the savealls serves also for preventing backlash of the deckle edges of the paper as the newly formed sheet traverses the forming table, which develops from the shaking action in machines of the usual construction. The arrangement of the shake structure is an outstanding improvement in Fourdrinier construction.

The detail structure of the improved saveall system consists, as best shown in Figs. 5 and 8, in the saveall trays 55 which are connected to and discharge into troughs 55. The sides of the troughs extend upward to the level of the paper forming wire and are bolted to cross rails 59 and rails 55 extending downward to the lower edges of rails 55. and discharging into pit 1 below the forming table. Thus the saveall system is selfcontained within the main structure of the Fourdrinier machine and overcomes the less advantageous and generally objectionable locating oi. the filter troughs, and their connections on the rear side of the machine.

Supported on rails 55 as shown in Figs.

44-6-7, are the breast roll yoke housings II, which are split at I2 and bolted to the rails. The breast roll 15 is supported on spiders 16 secured to a hollow shaft 11 which is journaled at its opposite ends in bearings I8 mounted loosely in the yoke housing II, the bearings being slidable transversely of the machine on rails 55 for producing the shake movement. Springs on opposite sides of bearings 18 serve for compensating for the end thrust in the breast roll journals in the shake action, the springs being retained in the, bearing by plates 82 B3 secured to housing 1 I Extending through the breast roll shaft 11 is a tie shaft 84 having its opposite ends secured in bearings I8, nuts 85 threaded on the ends of the shaft acting to hold the shaft rigid between the bearings. Secured to one end only of shaft 84 is a yoke 81 provided with bosses 89 coacting with a cam 95 to impart an axial shaking action to the breast roll. The shape of cam 90 is such, as shown in Fig. 6, that a rapid triple shaking action in addition to a long, relatively slow, overall stroke is given to the breast roll upon each rotation of the cam, with corresponding effect on the paper stock on the forming wire.

Cam 80, as best shown in Figs. 7-14A, is secured to an operating shaft 9| supported in bearings 92 on vertically adjustable bearing bases 93, which are slidabl-e on base housing 94 supported on floor 5. A gear 95 on shaft 9| meshes with a gear 86 driven by a motor 51 which is mounted on one side of the sliding bases 93. A boss 98 on block 93 coacts with a boss 89 on the breast housing 25 for effecting the vertical adjustment of the breast roll shaking apparatus.

As best shown in Fig. 14-A, the cam shaft 9i has a relatively l g extension for disconnecting the shaft and moving it endwise for replacing the paper forming wire.

The table rolls I05 are supported on rails 60 in the usual manner.

The suction boxes IDS-I08 are supported on angle plates III'I secured to rails 55 in the relation shown in my Patent No. 1,679,864 herein referred to.

A water line connection III! for the suction boxes is shown more or less conventionally, being substantially the same in arrangement as shown in the structure set forth in the aforesaid patent.

A guide roll III for the paper forming wire is supported on the couch table housing 58, as shown in Figs. 4-A and 5-A. A wire carrying roll H2 is provided with a doctor blade I I3 which acts to prevent fiber, carried on the wire, from the forming table and accumulating on roll I I2 and injuring the wire, the doctor board being selfcontained in the carrier roll assembly for convenient removal of the parts as a unit for replacing the wire.

Wire carrying rolls H6, H1 and IIB, and a roll II5 are provided in the lower draw of the wire, the rolls being supported on the opposite rails 55, roll II5 being supported on pivoted arms I I5 and acting to stretch the wire.

In Figs. 4-A, 5A and 12A, a construction is shown which is known in the commercial art as the Millspaugh suction couch roll. The general arrangement of this structure, well known in the art, presents peculiar difliculties. for replacing the paper forming wire. An object attained in my invention consists in a modified arrangement of this structure for replacing the wire with less diiiiculty. The base of the couch housing 45, as shown, is well below the main 

